This lesson focuses on analyzing a 16th-century map to explore geographic centers of power. Students will engage in observational skills by examining specific geographic details, illustrations, and markers on the map. Following this, they will infer the locations of major centers of wealth and authority based on their observations. The lesson encourages inquiry by prompting students to consider questions about the relationship between geography and political power. Additionally, a critical reflection component allows students to justify which geographic features, such as rivers, coastlines, mountain ranges, or plains, were essential for states in maintaining control over territory during that time.