This resource explores the main causes of the Civil War, focusing on four key concepts commonly referred to as the 'Four S's': sectionalism, slavery, states' rights, and secession. It describes how sectionalism contributed to regional loyalties, highlighting the economic differences between the North and South. Additionally, it addresses the role of slavery in heightening tensions, particularly as the North sought to limit its spread and the South defended it as essential to their economy. The resource discusses the debate over states' rights, where Southerners believed in their right to regulate their own laws versus Northerners' views on federal authority. Finally, it examines the act of secession following Abraham Lincoln's election, which led to the formation of the Confederate States of America and the start of the Civil War. The document encourages critical thinking about which cause was most pivotal in leading to the conflict.