This learning resource is focused on distinguishing between evidence and inference within textual analysis. It introduces students to the concept through a scenario involving a character named Elias who discovers a mysterious, unopened letter. The resource is designed to guide learners in identifying explicit details (concrete observations) and making logical inferences based on those details. Through various activities, students are encouraged to analyze the text by sorting statements into explicit or inferred categories, constructing claims supported by textual evidence, assessing probabilities of outcomes based on evidence, reflecting on personal biases, and engaging in critical thinking about uncertainty in interpretations. Overall, it aims to enhance students’ analytical skills in reading and understanding complex narratives.