This learning resource focuses on the analysis of Mexican independence, particularly evaluating the contrasting visions of Father Miguel Hidalgo in 1810 and the Plan of Iguala in 1821. Hidalgo is depicted as a populist leader advocating for the rights of Mestizos and Indigenous farmers, promoting land reform and the end of slavery. In contrast, the Plan of Iguala emphasizes independence from Spain and outlines a constitutional monarchy while maintaining the Catholic Church's influence and aiming for social unity without caste distinctions. The students are tasked with examining whether the outcomes of these movements favored the general populace or reinstated power among the Creole elite, using critical thinking and analysis of primary source excerpts.