This resource explores the contrasting legislative structures proposed by the Virginia and New Jersey Plans during the Constitutional Convention. It examines key concepts such as proportional and equal representation, along with the implications of a bicameral versus unicameral legislature. Students will analyze and compare these plans, considering how they would affect different districts' legislative power based on population size. Critical thinking prompts encourage students to reflect on the inherent advantages and disadvantages of each proposal, including the potential impact on minority interests and the overall balance of power. Through various tasks, including Venn diagrams and argumentative writing, students synthesize the fundamental conflict between the two plans and its relevance to the formation of a unified nation.