This resource delves into the concepts of factors, composite and prime numbers using the specific example of the number 24. It begins by explaining what a factor is—whole numbers that divide evenly into another number, with pairs provided for 24. The resource highlights that 24 is a composite number because it has more than two factors, while introducing the concept of prime numbers through the example of 7, which only has two factors: 1 and itself. It also includes an interactive activity, 'The Great Number Sort,' where students classify given numbers into prime and composite columns. Furthermore, it encourages critical thinking about why 9 is composite despite being odd and invites students to reflect on how understanding these concepts can aid in mathematical practices, especially in area modeling.