This resource explores the volcanic island of Surtsey, formed in 1963, as a unique case study for understanding how life begins in barren environments. It focuses on the interaction between biotic factors (living or once-living components) and abiotic factors (non-living physical elements) that contribute to the establishment of life on newly formed land. Students will observe the landscape, identify these factors, and formulate testable scientific questions regarding the survival and arrival of new life forms amidst the unique conditions created by volcanic activity and ocean influence.