This resource focuses on the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and its implications for federal and state powers. Students will explore the Necessary and Proper Clause, which supports Congress's implied powers in establishing a federal bank, and the Supremacy Clause, which confirms that federal law supersedes state law, particularly regarding taxation of federal entities. The resource is structured in several parts, including a detailed analysis of constitutional clauses relevant to the case, a reflective exercise using the See-Think-Wonder routine, synthesis of arguments regarding state taxation powers, a Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) framework for determining the constitutionality of Maryland's tax, and a discussion on the case's influence on federal power evolution, particularly during the New Deal era. Lastly, students are prompted to create analogies to understand shifts in federal-state power dynamics.