This learning resource explores the significant transition from nomadic foraging lifestyles to sedentary agriculture during the Neolithic era. It emphasizes the role of environmental changes, specifically 'The Great Thaw,' in making farming viable. Students are prompted to analyze and compare the labor, daily life, housing, and resource management strategies of nomadic foragers versus sedentary farmers. Activities include defining key concepts such as domestication and surplus, evaluating the potential impacts of climate reversal on societal survival strategies, and synthesizing how food surplus is pivotal for establishing permanent housing and ending nomadic life. The resource culminates in a self-reflection exercise aimed at gauging student confidence in understanding this historical transition.