What Is Problem-Based Learning?

What Is Problem-Based Learning?

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a student-centered teaching method where learning begins with a complex, real-world problem. Instead of you presenting facts directly, students are tasked with solving an open-ended challenge, which motivates them to seek out the knowledge and concepts needed. As students work together to find a solution, they develop crucial skills in critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving.

Problem-Based Learning Strategies and Activities

Problem-Based Learning strategies are built around presenting students with open-ended, real-world problems before they receive direct instruction on the topic. The problem itself is designed to drive the learning process, requiring students to figure out what they need to know to solve it.

Activities typically involve students working in groups to define the problem, conduct research, and develop a solution. Your role shifts to that of a facilitator, guiding the process and group discussions rather than delivering information directly.

Here are some common Problem-Based Learning strategies and activities:

• Real-World Problems: Students are given complex problems that mirror authentic situations they might encounter outside the classroom.
• Group Collaboration: The problem's complexity requires students to work together in small groups to find a solution, fostering teamwork skills.
• Staged Problem Introduction: Information is given out in phases, prompting students to identify learning gaps and conduct research at each step.
• Role-Playing: Students take on specific roles or perspectives, such as business owners or community members, to explore the problem from different angles.
• Case Studies: Students analyze written scenarios that describe real-world situations, applying their knowledge to a specific context.
• Simulations: Students interact with computer-based programs or other simulated environments to solve a problem.
• Project-Based Challenges: Students complete a multi-stage project, such as designing a prototype or a business plan, that requires research and application of knowledge.
• Facilitated Discussion: You guide brainstorming sessions and group discussions to help students generate ideas and form hypotheses.
• Independent and Group Research: Students are expected to find and evaluate information from various sources to inform their work.
• Reporting Findings: Students present their final solution and the process they used to arrive at it, often through a report or presentation.

Problem-Based Learning Benefits

Problem-Based Learning offers a different approach to instruction, and it's helpful to consider its potential outcomes. This method comes with a set of considerations that can affect your classroom dynamics and student learning.

This model can help students develop practical skills and improve how they work in teams. By actively participating in solving problems, students may also achieve a more durable understanding of the subject matter.

Here are some of the benefits associated with Problem-Based Learning:

• Development of Transferable Skills: Students practice skills like communication, negotiation, and problem-solving that can be applied to situations outside of school.
• Improved Teamwork and Interpersonal Skills: The group-based nature of PBL requires communication and collaboration, helping students learn to work together effectively.
• Long-Term Knowledge Retention: By discussing and applying information to solve a problem, students are more likely to retain what they've learned.
• Continuous Engagement: Using real-world issues that interest students can increase their participation and positive attitudes toward the subject.
• Deeper Understanding: The focus shifts from memorizing facts to comprehending concepts by figuring out solutions to tangible problems.
• Reinforces Critical Thinking: Students are prompted to research, question, and evaluate potential solutions, which builds their analytical skills.
• Use of Diverse Instruction Types: This approach allows you to incorporate various materials like videos, articles, and discussions to suit different learning styles.
• Student Initiative: With less direct instruction from the teacher, students are encouraged to take more ownership of their learning process.

Problem-Based Learning Examples

Problem-Based Learning can be applied in various subjects and grade levels through different activities. These scenarios often present students with a real-world or hypothetical problem that requires them to research, collaborate, and propose a solution.

This approach can lead to the development of skills like critical thinking and collaboration. However, it may also require more preparation time for you and additional support for students who are new to self-directed work.

Here are some examples of Problem-Based Learning activities:

• Create a Food Truck: Students design a food truck kitchen, applying concepts of area and scale drawing
• Plan a Zoo Habitat: After observing animals, students use biology and environmental science to design a suitable habitat for a chosen animal
• Social Media Influencer: Students act as influencers to raise awareness for a cause, creating graphics and videos to share their message
• Codebreak Math Equations: Students take on the role of codebreakers, using logic and math skills to decrypt a code and create a coded response
• Develop an Environmental Regeneration Plan: Students identify problems in an ecosystem, create a plan to address them, and report on the results

Problem-Based Learning Best Practices

Implementing Problem-Based Learning involves a set of recognized practices. These practices are designed to structure the learning experience and guide students through the problem-solving process. They often focus on the design of the problem itself and the role of the teacher as a facilitator.

To apply these practices, you can start with smaller, more manageable problems to help students adjust to the method. It is also helpful to establish clear group norms for collaboration and to provide resources without dictating the solution path.

Here are some best practices to consider:

• Use Authentic Problems: Select complex, real-world issues that are relevant to students' lives or the community to connect learning to practical scenarios.
• Act as a Facilitator: Your role shifts from instructor to guide, supporting students by asking questions and providing resources while they direct their own inquiry.
• Structure Group Collaboration: Group students with consideration for their skills and establish clear norms for communication and participation.
• Incorporate Varied Assessment: Use formative assessments, peer evaluations, and self-reflections throughout the project to get a more complete picture of student learning.
• Start with Manageable Projects: Begin with a problem that can be addressed in a few class sessions to help students and you get comfortable with the PBL process.

Teach with TeachShare

Problem-Based Learning is an effective student-centered approach that moves beyond memorization, helping students develop a deeper understanding of concepts and essential skills by tackling real-world problems. Start creating resources with TeachShare now to bring this powerful teaching strategy into your classroom.