This document explores the foundational concepts of Behaviorism in psychology, detailing how the focus shifted from the unseen 'mind' to observable behaviors and interactions with the environment. It includes key figures such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, explaining their methods of classical and operant conditioning through distinct examples like the Little Albert experiment and the principles of reinforcement. The document also delves into Albert Bandura's theory of social learning, emphasizing the importance of observational learning and modeling behavior. Furthermore, it acknowledges the limitations of behaviorism, highlighting the 'Black Box' of the mind that includes internal thoughts and emotions, and encourages critical thinking about human agency versus environmental conditioning.