This learning resource focuses on the structural features of the Roman Republic and their impact on modern democratic systems. Students will explore key vocabulary such as 'Republic,' 'Senate,' and 'Legal Code,' while engaging in a comparative analysis of both ancient and modern governance. The document includes a structured comparison outlining the roles of Roman consuls and their modern equivalents in the U.S., alongside discussions on written laws like the Twelve Tables and their contemporary counterparts. Activities such as Think-Pair-Share and critical thinking prompts encourage students to reflect on the influence of Roman governance on today's political structure, while also considering the limitations of republicanism in a modern context.