This learning resource focuses on the integration of archaeology and anthropology through the study of Otzi, the Iceman. Students will learn to differentiate between artifacts and human behavior by examining items associated with Otzi, such as leather shoes, stomach contents, tattoos, and a flint knife. They will employ the 'Cartographer's Compass' framework to categorize evidence as either archaeological or anthropological, fostering critical thinking about how historians interpret historical findings. The resource encourages independent inquiry by introducing new items found near Otzi, such as a copper tool and a piece of woven fabric, prompting students to apply their detective skills in categorization and justification. Lastly, it challenges students to discuss the collaborative roles of archaeologists and anthropologists in reconstructing historical narratives, emphasizing teamwork in the historical discipline.