This learning resource focuses on the analysis of a historical medical artifact, particularly an archaeological specimen of a human skull. The objective is for students to differentiate between spiritual and physical approaches to early health care by examining the artifact. The resource includes a See-Think-Wonder routine that prompts students to observe, reflect, and pose questions about the purpose of the circular openings in the skull. Additionally, students will formulate an initial hypothesis regarding the intent behind the procedure, considering whether it was aimed at addressing spiritual ailments (like a curse) or physical ailments (like an injury), thereby integrating critical thinking and reasoning skills.