This learning resource explores the relationship between proximity to water, fertile soil, and the establishment of permanent settlements through agriculture. It aims to help students understand how rivers not only provide water necessary for drinking but also enrich the soil when they flood, making it ideal for farming. The resource includes objectives for students, success criteria, visual analysis of river valleys, vocabulary focus on key terms like 'irrigation' and 'surplus', and various activities that engage students in applying their knowledge. Through guided reflections and application tasks, students will articulate the importance of rivers to village life, linking the availability of water and nutrients to agricultural productivity.