This resource focuses on the primary evidence gathering and analysis of an obsidian artifact recovered from a site dating back to approximately 10,000 BCE. It encourages students to conduct a raw physical analysis of the artifact, emphasizing direct observation without the influence of external texts. The structure of the activity includes a visual engagement exercise with sections for 'See,' 'Think,' and 'Wonder,' prompting critical thinking about the artifact’s characteristics and utility. Students will examine material attributes like luster, symmetry, edges, and inferred size, culminating in a functional hypothesis regarding the artifact's primary use for humans in prehistoric times.