This resource delves into the ancient site of Göbekli Tepe, located in modern-day Turkey, which dates back over 11,000 years. It features impressive stone circles built by nomadic hunter-gatherers, posing a significant historical mystery about the purpose and societal structures of these early people. Students are tasked with summarizing this mystery and making evidence-based inferences regarding the societal beliefs of the builders. The document presents two theories—The Temple Theory, suggesting the site served as a religious gathering place, and The Feasting Theory, proposing it was a venue for communal celebrations. Students will analyze and compare these theories against their own inferences to deepen their understanding of the complexity of nomadic societies.