Less than $5 1st Grade Women's History Month Research

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Ellen Ochoa as a Female Changemaker and a Latina Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Hispanic Heritage Month and Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Want an engaging way to teach about women that changed the world?

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Amelia Earhart as a Female Changemaker and a STEM Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Malala Yousafazi as a Female Changemaker and a Human Rights Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Introducing our captivating Body Biography Poster featuring the iconic Billie Holiday! Embark on an inspiring collaborative journey through the life and achievements of this legendary jazz singer and civil rights activist with our meticulously crafted educational tool, perfect for celebrating Black History Month, Women's History Month and beyond.

This collaborative poster provides a visually engaging exploration of Billie Holiday's extraordinary life, from her early struggles and triumphs to her lasting impact on music and social justice. Each of the 12 poster sections is meticulously designed to capture different facets of Holiday's life and legacy, including her groundbreaking musical career, advocacy for racial equality, and enduring influence on American culture.

*** Need research reading passages to go with this? Click HERE ***

- Students will color and decorate their assigned poster sections, infusing them with creativity and personal expression.

- Options for both lined and unlined poster boxes
- Students can easily attach their poster sections to chart paper or poster board before assembling the final body biography poster.

Inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and honor the enduring legacy of Billie Holiday with our captivating Body Biography Poster. An invaluable educational resource for classrooms, libraries, and beyond, it brings history to life in a dynamic and engaging format, empowering students to connect with and learn from one of the most influential figures in music and activism during Black History Month and throughout the year.

Looking for a fun and engaging research project?

Introducing our Body Biography Poster featuring Wangari Maathai! Create an inspiring collaborative journey through the life and achievements of this renowned environmentalist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate with our Body Biography Poster, perfect for celebrating Black History Month, Women's History Month and beyond.

This collaborative poster provides a visually engaging exploration of Wangari Maathai's extraordinary life, from her early activism and dedication to environmental conservation to her pioneering work in empowering women and communities through tree planting and sustainable development. Each of the poster sections is designed to capture different aspects of Maathai's life and legacy, including her founding of the Green Belt Movement, advocacy for social justice, and global impact on environmental activism.

*** Need research reading passages to go with this? Click HERE ***

- Students will color and decorate their assigned poster sections, infusing them with creativity and personal expression.

- Options for both lined and unlined poster boxes
- Students can easily attach their poster sections to chart paper or poster board before assembling the final body biography poster.

Inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and honor the enduring legacy of Wangari Maathai with our captivating Body Biography Poster. An invaluable educational resource for classrooms, libraries, and beyond, it brings history to life in a dynamic and engaging format, empowering students to connect with and learn from one of the most influential figures in environmental activism during Black History Month and throughout the year.

Introducing our beautiful Body Biography Poster featuring the illustrious Misty Copeland! Embark on an inspiring collaborative journey through the life and achievements of this trailblazing ballet dancer with our meticulously crafted educational tool, perfect for celebrating Black History Month and beyond.

This collaborative poster provides a visually engaging exploration of Misty Copeland's remarkable life, from her early struggles and perseverance to her groundbreaking career as the first African American female principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre. Each poster sections is designed to capture different facets of Copeland's life and legacy, including her dedication to dance, advocacy for diversity and inclusion in the arts, and her role as a cultural icon.

*** Need research reading passages to go with this? Click HERE ***

- Students will color and decorate their assigned poster sections, infusing them with creativity and personal expression.

- Options for both lined and unlined poster boxes
- Students can easily attach their poster sections to chart paper or poster board before assembling the final body biography poster.

Inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and honor the enduring legacy of Misty Copeland with our captivating Body Biography Poster. An invaluable educational resource for classrooms, libraries, and beyond, it brings history to life in a dynamic and engaging format, empowering students to connect with and learn from one of the most influential figures in the world of dance during Black History Month and throughout the year.

Introducing our captivating Body Biography Poster featuring the iconic Harriet Tubman! Delve into the extraordinary life of this fearless abolitionist and humanitarian with our meticulously crafted educational tool, perfect for celebrating Black History Month and beyond. Perfect for a collaborative research project.

This comprehensive poster provides a visually engaging journey through Harriet Tubman's remarkable life, from her courageous efforts on the Underground Railroad to her tireless advocacy for freedom and equality. Each of the poster sections is meticulously designed to capture different facets of Tubman's life and legacy, including her early years, leadership in the abolitionist movement, and lasting impact on civil rights.

*** Need research reading passages to go with this? Click HERE ***

- Students will color and decorate their assigned poster sections, infusing them with creativity and personal expression.

- Options for both lined and unlined poster boxes
- Students can easily attach their poster sections to chart paper or poster board before assembling the final body biography poster.

Inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and honor the enduring legacy of Harriet Tubman with our captivating Body Biography Poster. An invaluable educational resource for classrooms, libraries, and beyond, it brings history to life in a dynamic and engaging format, empowering students to connect with and learn from one of America's most influential figures during Black History Month and throughout the year.

Introducing our captivating Body Biography Poster featuring the revered Maya Angelou! Embark on an inspiring collaborative journey through the life and achievements of this renowned poet, author, and civil rights activist with our meticulously crafted educational tool, perfect for celebrating Black History Month and beyond.

This collaborative poster provides a visually engaging exploration of Maya Angelou's extraordinary life, from her early struggles and triumphs to her profound impact on literature and social justice. Each poster sections is meticulously designed to capture different facets of Angelou's life and legacy, including her literary works, activism, and enduring influence as a voice for equality and empowerment.

*** Need research reading passages to go with this? Click HERE ***

- Students will color and decorate their assigned poster sections, infusing them with creativity and personal expression.

- Options for both lined and unlined poster boxes
- Students can easily attach their poster sections to chart paper or poster board before assembling the final body biography poster.

Inspire curiosity, foster collaboration, and honor the enduring legacy of Maya Angelou with our captivating Body Biography Poster. An invaluable educational resource for classrooms, libraries, and beyond, it brings history to life in a dynamic and engaging format, empowering students to connect with and learn from one of the most influential figures in literature and civil rights during Black History Month and throughout the year.

This is an informational newsletter about Dr. Mae Jemison as a Black Changemaker and as an American symbol as an astronaut. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Black History Month or Women's history month.

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Information on...

- Early Life

- Career

- Interesting Facts

- Influences/Accomplishments

• Inclusive Learning: Foster an inclusive classroom environment by exploring diverse narratives and celebrating the achievements of underrepresented voices.
• Ready-to-Use Content: Save time on lesson planning with our pre-packaged materials, allowing you to focus on what you do best – inspiring the next generation.

Research Report Template for Biographies- Trifold- Black History Month- Black Changemakers!

Product Description:

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills? Look no further! Our "Mae Jemison Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates-

-One that is pre-filled with Mae Jemison's picture and name

-One that is blank and requires the student to write his name and draw his portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

1. Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
2. Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
3. Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
4. Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
5. Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research (Mae Jemison). This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Mae Jemison is pre-filled in on version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills?

Product Description:

"Research Report Template for Biographies"- Trifold - Simone Biles!

Look no further! Our "Blank Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates-

-One that is pre-filled with some of Simone Biles's picture and name

-One that is blank and requires the student to write his name and draw his portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

1. Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
2. Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
3. Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
4. Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
5. Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research. This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Simone Biles is pre-filled in on version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

⭐️ Are you looking to ramp up your research projects? ⭐️

This is a reading passage about Billie Holiday as a Female Changemaker. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month or Black History Month.

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

Other newsletter for Women's History Month:

Misty Copeland

Maya Angelou

Or get ALL NEWSLETTERS here

Research Report Template for Biographies- Trifold- Women's History Month + Hispanic Heritage Month!

Product Description:

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills? Look no further! Our "Dolores Huerta Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates-

-One that is pre-filled with Dolores Huerta's picture and name

-One that is blank and requires the student to write his name and draw his portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

1. Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
2. Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
3. Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
4. Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
5. Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research (Dolores Huerta). This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Dolores Huert is pre-filled in on version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills?

Look no further! Our "Frida Kahlo Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates:

• One that is pre-filled with Frida Kahlo's picture and name
• One that is blank and requires the student to write their name and draw their portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

• Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
• Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
• Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
• Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
• Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research (Frida Kahlo). This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Frida Kahlo is pre-filled in one version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Malala Yousafazi as a Female Changemaker and a Human Rights Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Malala Yousafazi as a Female Changemaker and a Human Rights Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Want an engaging way to teach about women that changed the world?

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Rosa Parks as a Black Changemaker and a Female Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Women's History Month or Black History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)

Research Report Template for Biographies- Trifold- Women's History Month + Hispanic Heritage Month!

Product Description:

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills? Look no further! Our "Dolores Huerta Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates-

-One that is pre-filled with Dolores Huerta's picture and name

-One that is blank and requires the student to write his name and draw his portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

1. Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
2. Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
3. Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
4. Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
5. Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research (Dolores Huerta). This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Dolores Huert is pre-filled in on version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

Are you a teacher looking for an engaging way to develop your students' research and presentation skills?

Look no further! Our "Frida Kahlo Research Report Template for Biographies" is the perfect tool to inspire creativity, critical thinking, and research skills in your classroom.

Two blank templates:

• One that is pre-filled with Frida Kahlo's picture and name
• One that is blank and requires the student to write their name and draw their portrait (can be used for any person)

Key Features:

• Structured Framework: This template provides a well-organized and structured framework for students to conduct research on a chosen individual's biography. It guides them through essential components such as background, early life, accomplishments, and more.
• Versatility: Tailor the template to fit the unique needs of your curriculum. Whether your focus is historical figures, contemporary leaders, or cultural icons, this template is adaptable to a variety of subjects.
• Encourages Independent Learning: Empower students to take ownership of their learning journey. The blank spaces prompt students to conduct independent research, fostering a sense of curiosity and self-directed learning.
• Develops Research Skills: Our template encourages students to utilize various research methods, including online resources, books, and interviews. It's a fantastic opportunity for them to hone their research skills and discern reliable information.
• Promotes Presentation Skills: Beyond researching, students will practice organizing information coherently and presenting it in a well-structured report. This template lays the foundation for effective communication, a crucial skill in any academic or professional setting.

How It Works:

1. Choose a Subject: Students select an individual to research (Frida Kahlo). This could be anyone from historical figures, scientists, artists, to contemporary leaders or influencers. Frida Kahlo is pre-filled in one version of this template.
2. Fill in the Blanks: The template guides students through the research process. They'll fill in key sections, providing biographical information, accomplishments, and the impact of the chosen individual.
3. Present to the Class: The completed reports become the basis for engaging class presentations. This step encourages students to express themselves confidently and articulately.

Why Choose Our Template:

• Time-Saving: No need to create a research template from scratch. Our product saves you time and ensures a standardized approach to student research projects.
• Engagement: Transform mundane research projects into exciting opportunities for self-discovery and exploration.
• Skill Development: Equip your students with essential research, organization, and presentation skills that will serve them well in their academic and professional journeys.

This is a nonfiction biographical reading passage about Frida Kahlo as a Latina Changemaker and a Female Leader. Students can use this as a jumping off point for a research project or for Hispanic Heritage Month and Women's History Month.

DIFFERENTIATED LEVELS FOR ALL LEARNERS

- Early elementary (1-3)

- Upper elementary (4-6)

- Complex Readers (7-12)

*Each newsletter is 2 pages.

Information on...

➡️ Early Life

➡️ Career

➡️ Interesting Facts

➡️ Influence

INCLUDED- Reading Comprehension Questions! Differentiated and can be used with any reading passage about an influential female leader. Perfect for close reading!

• Colored and black-line version
• Reading comprehension questions for early elementary (1-3) and separate worksheet for upper elementary (4-6)