2nd Grade Math Printables

Worksheet with lots of basic 2D shapes: circles, squares, rectangles and triangles. Children can identify and find different shapes, count how many of each shape there are and color each type of shape a different color.

Terms of Use

The original purchaser is granted the right to photocopy, use or display this material for his/her educational use without limitation. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means in order to provide use to another person without express written permission from the author and publisher unless additional licenses or group licenses have been purchased. Copying any part of this product and placing it on the Internet in any form (even a personal/classroom website) is strictly forbidden.

Introducing our exclusive set of 10 Christian Bible Number Posters, beautifully designed in soothing boho colors to foster a peaceful learning environment. Perfect for Christian classroom decor, each poster merges spiritual growth with educational essentials, featuring a ten-frame layout that aids in developing early math skills such as counting, number recognition, and mathematical reasoning.

Key Features:

• Standard Size for Easy Display: Each poster measures 8.5 by 11 inches, perfect for classroom walls or bulletin boards.
• Set of 10 Unique Posters: From numbers 1 to 10, each poster is paired with a corresponding Bible verse to inspire faith and character growth.
• Boho Calming Colors: Crafted with a tranquil color palette, these posters not only educate but also beautify your space, promoting a calming atmosphere conducive to learning.
• Versatile Learning Tool: Ideal for Christian schools, Sunday schools, homeschool settings, or any educational environment that values faith-based learning.

These posters are perfect for teachers looking to blend faith with foundational math skills in their teaching materials. They are suitable for decorating classrooms, church activity rooms, or homeschool environments.

Bring tranquility and educational value to your space with our Calming Boho Christian Bible Number Posters. Shop now and transform your educational setting!

Celebra el Día del Número Pi (Pi Day in Spanish) con un atractivo recurso diseñado para que las matemáticas y las ciencias resulten apasionantes para los estudiantes. Este recurso incluye una pulsera, una corona y una hoja de ejercicios, perfectos para dar vida a las maravillas de las matemáticas.

Este recurso es ideal para los entusiastas de las matemáticas y los amantes de la ciencia, ya que proporciona actividades divertidas para explorar el fascinante mundo de Pi. Los estudiantes disfrutarán llevando pulseras y coronas temáticas del Día de Pi, añadiendo un toque festivo a su experiencia de aprendizaje. La hoja de ejercicios incluida ofrece oportunidades interactivas para profundizar en Pi y su significado.

Este recurso incluye:

• Una Corona del Día del Número Pi
• Una hoja de brazaletes Del Día del Número Pi
• Una hoja de trabajo o guía “Todo Sobre el Número Pi”

¡Feliz Día del Número Pi!

This product aligns with the Alberta Curriculum Shifts 2023 for P.E. and Wellness. It includes five different worksheets with exercises on financial literacy.

Just print and go!

**Cover Clipart by Clipartino

Groundhog Day Color by Number Code Addition Facts Coloring Pages Worksheets - Groundhog Day themed Color by Number Code coloring pages are a fun way to practice addition math facts fluency! You'll have 6 Groundhog Day Color by Number Code pages with addition facts practice. Color coded answer keys included. PERFECT for your FAST FINISHERS!

❤️***SERIOUSLY... you don't want to miss this DEAL BUSTER!**❤️

❤️***OR... this Addition Facts DEAL BUSTER!**❤️

❤️***OR... this Subtraction Facts DEAL BUSTER!**❤️

Download includes

3 math coloring sheets with addition to 10 facts

3 math coloring sheets with addition to 20 facts

color coded at a glance answer keys

Deb @ Primary Piglets

✅Follow me!

Visually see how addition works! Students can practice addition facts with these making numbers printable worksheets. By hands on coloring students and solving adding problems, your student will be able to visually see how to make numbers following the concept of number bonds.

Along with the original worksheets, a more ink friendly version is also included.

These posters represent each number from 1-10 in five ways: **→ Written Word → Numeral → Tallies → Ten-Frame → Object Representation (Counting Cubes)

** The brightly colored posters will help your students gain number sense and begin to understand the value of each number.

A fun Halloween puzzle where students will use the numbers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 to fill out the puzzle. Each straight line must equal 10, but you can only use each number once for each puzzle. This is a fun brain break or fun addition activity during Halloween. See how many your students can get!

If you enjoyed this product, please leave a review and follow my store. If you would like to see more products by me follow the link Finding the Fish. Thank you for your purchase and I hope you enjoy!

This scarecrow is completely editable , Perfect for October and November activity combines creativity with math skills as students solve math problems to design their own scarecrow. Whether practicing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division . you can Display their work on a vibrant autumn-themed bulletin board to celebrate the season. Ideal for elementary classrooms, this resource promotes engagement, critical thinking, and fine motor skills.

You can use this craft for addition facts, subtraction facts, multiplication, division, homophones, verbs, nouns, and more! Just download and customize it to fit the needs of your classroom.

What's Included :

• PAGE : 8 PAGES
• FILES : PPTX
• SIZE : 8.5'' x 11''

Pete the Cat 4 Groovy Buttons Craft

This engaging unit based on Pete the Cat: 4 Groovy Buttons combines storytelling, creativity, and math for a fun learning experience. Students will listen to the beloved story, then engage in two craft options: color and collage Pete’s buttons or add a personal touch by drawing themselves or adding their photo to Pete’s outfit.

The unit also includes 3 worksheets focused on colors and numbers, giving students the chance to practice counting and reading. Perfect for hands-on learning, this resource supports fine motor skills, creativity, and number recognition.

This resource includes:

• Bulletin board displays
• 3 lesson plans + objectives and assessment
• Pete the Cat craft
• 3 worksheets
• Posters
• 26 scripted slideshow with teacher's guide

If you like this resource, be sure to check out our other Pete the Cat activities!

⭐️Pete the Cat I love my white shoes craft

⭐️Shoe tying Pete the Cat rocking in my school shoes craft

⭐️Pete the Cat rocking in my school shoes craft

Click on the links below to Connect with me on social media:

⭐️Follow me on Instagram;

⭐️Follow me on Pinterest;

⭐️Follow me on Youtube;

⭐️Follow me on Facebook.

If you have any questions, comments, or concerns please feel free to contact me at mspatricialopes@gmail.com and leave some feedback! :)

Don't forget to receive TeachShare credits by writing your reviews!

To see all my resources, check out my page in my store.

https://www.TeachShare.com/Store/Patricia-Lopes

Are you looking for "No Prep" Single Digit Addition True or False worksheets for your 1st-2nd Grade students?

These Pint-Sized worksheets offer your students the opportunity to apply their knowledge on Single digit addition by answering whether the addition sentence is True for correct or False for wrong. Your First or Second graders will enjoy circling the apple that represents their answer.

❤️What this resource is PERFECT for:

• Independent Work
• Homework
• Daily Review
• Math Centers
• Early Finishers
• Morning Menus
• Morning Warm-ups
• Substitute Folders
• And More!

❤️What's INCLUDED:

• 3 Bright Colorful single addition worksheets
• 3 Answer Keys
• Each page is 8.5" x 11", but you can adjust this in your printer settings.
• Permission to copy for SINGLE classroom use only. (additional Licenses are available.)

❤ THANKS FOR VISITING MY STORE!

I'm constantly working and posting new resources. CLICK HERE to follow my store and stay up to date on my latest work and FREEBIES. I hope you LOVE this product just as much as I loved making it.

❤ I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR FROM YOU!

After your purchase, please leave feedback/review and let me know how you used this resource with your students and how they liked it. Leaving feedback will also help you earn credits toward FREE resources for yourself.

❤️To Do So Please:

• Go to your My Purchases page (You may need to login.)
• Beside each purchase you'll see a Provide Feedback button.
• Click it and you will be taken to a page where you can leave a quick rating.

STAY CONNECTED!

You may also follow me on Social Media at: FACEBOOK and Pinterest.

My students always need a variety of ways to practice their multiplication facts. These sheets were designed to give students the opportunity to skip count horizontally and vertically as well as practice basic facts. This includes three sheets. The first sheet is 2, 5, and 10. The second sheet is 3, 4, and 6. The third sheet is 7, 8, and 9. All sheets have an answer key.

Engage students in Earth Day fun with our Count and Graph activity! Perfect for early learners, this resource features vibrant Earth-themed shapes for counting and graphing practice.
Contents:

Our Earth Day themed count and graph activity is designed to make learning both educational and enjoyable. With six different Earth-shaped objects—circle, square, pentagon, heart, diamond, and octagon—students will embark on a counting adventure while celebrating Earth Day.

The activity includes:

• Six Earth-shaped objects to count and graph
• Two types of graphing sheets for recording counts
• Vibrant and engaging visuals to keep students captivated
• Easy-to-follow instructions for seamless implementation

Why You'll Love This Product:

• Versatile Learning Tool: Our count and graph activity is perfect for reinforcing counting skills and introducing basic graphing concepts in a fun and interactive way.
• Engaging Earth Day Theme: Celebrate Earth Day while learning! The Earth-themed shapes make the activity both relevant and exciting for students.
• Differentiated Options: With two types of graphing sheets provided, you can cater to various learning levels and preferences, ensuring all students are appropriately challenged.
• Promotes Math Skills: This activity helps students develop essential math skills such as counting, graphing, and data interpretation in alignment with early learning standards.
• Encourages Active Learning: Students actively participate in counting and graphing, promoting hands-on learning and fostering a deeper understanding of mathematical concepts.

Who This Product is For:

1. Early elementary teachers looking for engaging Earth Day activities.

2. Homeschooling parents seeking educational resources for Earth Day celebrations.

3. Math educators wanting to incorporate Earth Day themes into their curriculum.

4. Teachers of diverse learning environments, including special education and ESL classrooms.

5. Parents and caregivers interested in educational activities for children during Earth Day festivities.

Other Related Products that May Interest You:

⭐ Zoo Write the Room, Kindergarten Center Activity

⭐ Apple Count and Graph Activity Math Center for Kindergartener

⭐ Ocean Write the Room, Kindergarten Center Activity

⭐ Rainy Bump It Dice Game, Addition up to 20

⭐ St. Patrick's Count and Graph Activity, Math Center for Kindergarteners

Let's be friends!

Blog/ Online Store Creative Soul Printables

Facebook

Pinterest

How to get TeachShare credit to use on future purchases:

Please go to your “My Purchases” page (you may need to login). Beside each purchase you'll see a Provide Feedback button. Simply click it and you will be taken to a page where you can give a quick rating and leave a short comment for the product.
Each time you give feedback, TeachShare gives you feedback credits that you use to lower the cost of your future purchases. I value your feedback greatly as it helps me determine which products are most valuable for your classroom so I can create more for you.
Be the first to know about my new discounts, freebies and product launches: Check out my store to know first!

This Cinco de Mayo math activity contains 7 pages of math worksheets designed explicitly for preschoolers, kindergarteners, and students in grades 1, 2, and 3. The worksheets are themed around Cinco de Mayo and incorporate images of Mexican culture and traditions, making them engaging and fun for students.

These activities cover various math topics, including counting, which can help students improve their math skills while learning about a different culture and tradition.

As a teacher, this product provides a great resource for incorporating Cinco de Mayo into your math curriculum. The worksheets are easy to use and require minimal preparation, making them a convenient option, especially for busy teachers. Additionally, the worksheets can be used as a supplement to classroom instruction and homework assignments, or even as part of a Cinco de Mayo-themed math center or station.

Don't forget that leaving feedback earns you points toward free TeachShare purchases. So let me know how the activities went.

Also, follow me here to get notified when I upload new products.

Get Ready for a Festive Learning Adventure!

Enhance your first graders' learning experience this Thanksgiving with our comprehensive activities packet! Packed with over 52 engaging resources, this Thanksgiving Activities Packet is designed to boost both math and literacy skills while keeping the holiday spirit alive.

What’s Inside:

Math Activities:

• Thanksgiving-themed counting and number games
• Addition and subtraction worksheets with festive graphics
• Simple word problems that incorporate Thanksgiving concepts
• Measurement activities using kitchen tools (think turkey and pie!)
• Fun math puzzles and mazes to challenge young minds

Literacy Activities:

• Reading comprehension passages centered around Thanksgiving stories
• Writing prompts that inspire creativity (e.g., "What would you give thanks for?")
• Vocabulary building with Thanksgiving-themed word cards
• Fun fill-in-the-blank stories to encourage narrative skills
• Craft ideas that combine art with literacy (e.g., making Thanksgiving cards)

Key Features:

• Age-Appropriate: Tailored for first-grade learners, ensuring activities are both fun and educational.
• Printable and Easy to Use: All resources are ready for instant download and easy printing, making preparation a breeze.
• Flexible Learning: Perfect for classroom use, at-home learning, or as a supplement to your Thanksgiving celebrations!
• Engaging Designs: Bright, colorful visuals that keep kids interested and motivated.

Perfect For:

• Teachers looking to enrich their lesson plans
• Parents wanting to create a fun learning environment at home
• Holiday-themed classroom parties or centers

If students are becoming bored with district mandated every day iReady lessons, introduce this fun tracker! Double-sided with a visual cue for "Reading" or "Math" students track lessons passed. They also track 100% pass lessons by coloring in a star.

Teachers can use this tool to implement a reward system based on lessons passed or stars colored. This is completely student initiated and gives them a visual reminder of goals to work toward.

Sticker, smelly spot, stamp, no matter what the prize, we all know our young learners love to work toward something! This resource is easy to use and will keep them focused on their iReady time while building good habits when working on technology based lessons.

Looking for more resources for kindergarten classrooms? Check out this fall tear art bundle which includes tear art for September, October, November, plus a BONUS Back to School sheet:

Fall Tear Art Bundle

Not ready for a money saving bundle just yet? This November tear art bundle gives you all the November fun while working on fine motor skills:

November Tear Art Bundle

Looking for more November kindergarten centers? This November Math Write the Room is perfect for early kindergarten math standards!

November Math Write the Room

Check out my other listings here and don't forget to earn TeachShare credits by leaving a review for Keeper of Kinders!

❤️Looking for an engaging way for your students to explore jobs and careers in their community? Learn about 42 different community helpers, practice math skills, literacy skills, and fine motor skills with these differentiated worksheets (84 pages)!

❤️These printable community helper writing crafts are the perfect addition to your community helpers unit! Great for morning work, literacy centers, math centers, homework, intervention programs, and more!

...............................................................................................................................

✏️These printable worksheets are differentiated and include 2 levels.

✏️Students can choose their favorite community helper, or you may choose to focus on a few different helpers each week.

✏️Once worksheets have been completed, you may staple or hole punch the pages into a "When I Grow Up" class booklet to display or for students to take home to share with caregivers.

...............................................................................................................................

⭐️This resource is low prep and will save you time! Simply print and select the differentiated worksheets that are most appropriate for your student's needs.

⭐️Check out the preview for a sneak peek!

...............................................................................................................................

✅ 2 differentiated levels per community helper: (84 pages)

☑ Level 1 (42 pages)

• color the picture - community helper ("I am a...")
• trace the words - equipment ("I use...")
• dab/color the circles - equipment ("I use...")
• color the picture - vehicle/building etc. ("I drive/work in a...")
• complete the pattern - AB (cut and glue / draw a line)
• count the objects & dab/color the correct number

☑ Level 2 (42 pages)

• color the picture - community helper ("I am a...")
• write the words - equipment ("I use...")
• dab/color the circles - equipment ("I use...")
• draw a picture ("My job looks like...")
• complete the pattern - ABB (cut and glue / draw a line)
• count the objects & write the correct number

✅Bonus: (89 pages)

☑ What you need to know (1 page)

☑ Table of contents (4 pages)

☑ Answer key (84 pages)

...............................................................................................................................

✅ Community helpers included (42):

☑ architect

☑ artist

☑ astronaut

☑ athlete

☑ baker

☑ bank teller

☑ barber

☑ barista

☑ business person

☑ chef

☑ construction worker

☑ dad

☑ delivery person

☑ dentist

☑ disk jockey

☑ doctor

☑ farmer

☑ fast food worker

☑ firefighter

☑ fisherman

☑ flight attendant

☑ florist

☑ gardener

☑ janitor

☑ journalist

☑ librarian

☑ lumberjack

☑ mechanic

☑ mom

☑ movie director

☑ musician

☑ nurse

☑ photographer

☑ pilot

☑ plumber

☑ police

☑ retail worker

☑ scientist

☑ teacher

☑ veterinarian

☑ waiter

☑ waitress

...............................................................................................................................

⭐️Looking for more community helpers resources?

Community Helpers Growing Bundle

...............................................................................................................................

❤️ Teacher Tips:

⭐️Don't forget, you can earn TeachShare credits towards future purchases by leaving a review of this resource! Thank you for your valuable time and feedback!

⭐️Be the first to know about my new discounts, freebies, and product launches:

Follow Me

...............................................................................................................................

If you have any questions, please contact me: 

kimberly@kimberlysclassroom.com

Thanks for stopping by and taking a look. Wishing you a wonderful school year!

❤️Kimberly

Help your kiddos out with this place value anchor chart. Hang it up or give each student a copy!

Make the 100th day memorable with this 100 Gumball Machine Craftivity. These hands-on fun and engaging activities enhance fine motor skills and counting abilities of your kiddos.

Watch as their eyes light up counting and coloring 100 gumballs onto the machine, reinforcing numerical concepts in a fun and interactive way.

It’s not just a craft – it’s a learning adventure that brings the 100th day celebration to life!

You’ll get:

▪︎ 100 Days Gumball counting and coloring craft template

▪︎ 100 Days skip counting gumball machine template

Just print and go!

Hope you and your students enjoy this resource.

We really appreciate your sparing a few moments to review this resource.

Boost student confidence in solving addition and subtraction problems with this set of differentiated addition & subtraction anchor charts and strategy posters. Clear, easy-to-follow steps written for you to help teach, introduce & review addition and subtraction strategies. This resource includes five different levels, from basic addition & subtraction to 3-digit addition & subtraction with regrouping.

Are your students struggling to remember the different addition and subtraction strategies they’ve learned? 

With this set of differentiated addition and subtraction strategy anchor charts and posters, you can help students learn different strategies for solving addition and subtraction problems. After learning a new strategy, students can easily reference the poster to help them remember the steps to complete a problem.

Are you tired of creating and recreating math strategy anchor charts? 

Save time and energy with these ready-to-go anchor charts and posters ready to print and display in your classroom!

*********************************************************

Customer testimonials: 

“This was a great resource for my kids. I printed several of them so that I could put them around the room or so my kids could grab one for reference. These were used all the time!” -Samantha B.

“I loved watching my students walk over to these posters on the wall to help them solve their problems! Great resource!” -Kayla Hughey 

“I loved these posters for my bulletin boards. They are easy for the kids to follow for examples!” -Katie M.

*********************************************************

This resource includes:

★Addition & Subtraction Anchor Charts

5 differentiated Addition Anchor Charts

• Basic addition
• 2-digit addition, no regrouping
• 2-digit addition with regrouping
• 3-digit addition, no regrouping
• 3-digit addition with regrouping 

5 differentiated Subtraction Anchor Charts

• Basic subtraction

• 2-digit subtraction, no regrouping

• 2-digit subtraction with regrouping

• 3-digit subtraction, no regrouping

• 3-digit subtraction with regrouping 

• The full anchor chart poster includes four strategies to solve, a kid-friendly definition, academic vocabulary & keywords.

• Color and black & white printing

• Digital version (Google Slides™)

★Addition & Subtraction Strategy Posters

• Enlarged strategy poster- focuses on one specific strategy shown on the anchor chart.
• Use the strategy posters when you want to focus on teaching one specific strategy. 
• 20 Addition Strategy Posters 
• 20 Subtraction Strategy Posters
• Full-size posters (print 1 per page)
• Mini-size posters (print 4 per page)- perfect for student notebooks or math centers!
• Color and black & white printing
• Digital Version (Google Slides™)

★Addition & Subtraction Note-Taking Guide (Fill-in Template)

• Each anchor chart (all five levels for addition & subtraction) includes a note-taking guide for students to complete when learning each new strategy. 
• Color and black & white printing

*********************************************************

WHY BUY THIS?

SAVE TIME and ENERGY creating new anchor charts every time you introduce a new strategy with these ready-to-go posters and anchor charts to teach addition & subtraction.

Increase student mastery by using the posters to teach strategies to help students build a solid conceptual understanding of adding and subtracting multi-digit numbers. 

Differentiate instruction by providing students at different levels with a “just right” anchor chart to help students master the addition and subtraction strategy at their current level. 

Boost student confidence by giving students a tool to reference when solving addition and subtraction problems. Students can keep these in their math notebooks or reference the bulletin board when they get stuck on a math problem. 

Build off previously taught levels and strategies by teaching the same strategy at the next level once students have mastered one level. 

*********************************************************

WHO SHOULD BUY THIS?

This set is for you if you teach the foundations of addition and subtraction in first, second, and third grade or need to review strategies with students in upper grades. Use the strategies included in this resource to help students build a strong foundation for addition and subtraction from the basic level to multi-digit with regrouping. 

I’ve designed this product to grow with your students as they transition from one understanding level to the next throughout the school year.  

In addition, I understand the frustrations of having students at a wide range of ability levels. I purposely created each level to help you support students at their current understanding level. 

Students will learn the following strategies:

★ Basic addition:

• Ten Frame
• Draw Dots
• Count On
• Number Line

★Basic subtraction:

• Part-part-whole
• Draw Dots
• Count On
• Number Line

★Multi-digit Addition with regrouping & without regrouping

• Base 10
• Number Line
• Expanded Form
• Standard Algorithm

★Multi-digit Subtraction with regrouping & without regrouping

• Base 10

• Number Line

• Expanded Form

• Standard Algorithm

*********************************************************

This resource includes:

★10 Addition & Subtraction Anchor Charts 

• Color printing
• Black & white printing
• Digital version

★10 Addition & Subtraction Note-taking Guides

• Color printing
• Black & white printing
• Digital versionThree formats: 

★40 Full-size Addition & Subtraction Strategy Posters (1 per page)

• Perfect for focusing on a specific strategy.
• Color printing
• Black & white printing
• Digital version

★40 Mini-size Addition & Subtraction Strategy Posters

• Color printing
• Black & white printing 
• Mixed printing (print four different strategies per page)
• Unified printing (print 4 of the same strategy posters per page)
• Use for student notebooks or math centers

*********************************************************

Ways to Use Addition & Subtraction  Posters & Anchor Charts 

• Use these posters and anchor charts as a visual guide when teaching new strategies for addition and subtraction.
• Help your students review and practice previously taught strategies by displaying anchor charts and posters for students to reference.
• Display on the whiteboard, your math focus wall, or a bulletin board for students to reference.
• Print mini versions for students to add to their interactive notebooks to reference
• Place mini-versions or full-size versions at math centers to support students. 
• Include the digital version in a mini-lesson
• Use the note-taking guide to fill in with students as you teach or review the strategies.
• Explicitly teach definitions and keywords for addition & subtraction
• Explicitly teach four different ways for students to solve addition and subtraction problems

*********************************************************

Common Core Aligned: Aligned to 1st, 2nd, & 3rd grade Numbers and Operations in Base Ten standards:

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.3.NBT.A.2 Fluently add and subtract within 1000 using strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.NBT.B.5

Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.NBT.B.6

Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations.

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.2.NBT.B.7

Add and subtract within 1000, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method. Understand that in adding or subtracting three-digit numbers, one adds or subtracts hundreds and hundreds, tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose or decompose tens or hundreds.

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.1.NBT.C.4

Add within 100, including adding a two-digit number and a one-digit number, and adding a two-digit number and a multiple of 10, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. Understand that in adding two-digit numbers, one adds tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose a ten.

*********************************************************

Email me at samantha@sporesources.com for any questions, comments, or concerns!

Created by Samantha Osleger | ©SPO Resources.

All rights reserved by the author. 

Purchase is for single classroom use only. 

Purchase additional licenses at 50% off for each additional user. 

Grab these addition and subtraction posters and anchor charts to help support your elementary students with mastering addition and subtraction strategies.